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Example output

Spelling rules worked through your own worksheet, with the exceptions flagged.

Source: spelling-werkblad.pdf · 2 pagina's

Everyday expressions with a pronunciation column — the shape NoteMentor gives vocabulary it finds in your own pages.

Dutch <g> and <ch> are the same sound: a scraping fricative made at the back of the mouth, like Scottish “loch” or German “Bach” but usually stronger — never the g of “go”, and not a k either. Northern speakers use a harsh uvular rasp (the harde g) while southern Dutch and Flemish use a softer palatal one (the zachte g), and the pronunciation column writes “kh” rather than “g” so you don’t reach for the English consonant.

Summary

The worksheet drills het bijvoeglijk gebruikt voltooid deelwoord — a past participle used as an adjective before a noun. Your answers get the -e ending right on regular verbs, but two irregular participles (gesmolten, verdwenen) are left unmarked, which is exactly where this rule trips people up.

Voltooid deelwoord als bijvoeglijk naamwoord

When a past participle sits directly before a noun and describes it, it takes an -e ending, just like any other adjective: « de piet die verdwaald is » becomes « de verdwaalde piet ».

Irregular participles (gap in your answers)

Strong participles like « gesmolten » and « verdwenen » already end in -en and take no extra -e: « de gesmolten chocolade ». Regular participles do add one — « verdwaald » becomes « de verdwaalde piet ». Knowing which type you have is the whole trick.

Key terms

voltooid deelwoordpage 1
The past participle — the form used with 'hebben' or 'zijn' to make the perfect tense, e.g. 'gelopen', 'ingepakt'.
bijvoeglijk gebruiktpage 1
'Used adjectivally' — a past participle placed before a noun to describe it, rather than used to form a verb tense.
de -e regelpage 2
The rule that an attributive adjective (including a participle used this way) before a de-woord or plural noun takes -e.
Vocabulary grouped by theme, from your own pages
verdwalenverdwaalde — de verdwaalde pietvoltooid deelwoord
inpakkeningepakte — het ingepakte cadeautjevoltooid deelwoord
smeltengesmolten — de gesmolten chocoladeonregelmatig
verdwijnenverdwenen — de verdwenen sleutelonregelmatig

Flashcards

verdwalen → "de ___ piet"
verdwaalde — de verdwaalde piet (the lost/wandered Santa figure).
inpakken → "het ___ cadeautje"
ingepakte — het ingepakte cadeautje (the wrapped present).
smelten → "de ___ chocolade"
gesmolten — a strong participle ending in -en takes no extra -e, unlike « verdwaald » → « verdwaalde ».

Practice question

Why does « verdwalen » become « de verdwaalde piet » and not « de verdwaald piet »?

Pick an answer to see the reasoning.

Study plan

  1. 1
    Write out the -e rule for adjectival participles, with 5 examples
    15 min
  2. 2
    Mark and correct gesmolten / verdwenen in your own answers
    15 min
  3. 3
    Turn 6 more verbs into adjectival participles
    20 min

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